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New York is the most populous city in the United States, with an estimated 2005 population of 8,213,839 (up from 7.3 million in 1990). This amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the metropolitan regional population. Over the last decade the city's population has been increasing rapidly and demographers estimate New York's population will reach between 9.2 and 9.5 million by 2030.
New York's two key demographic features are its population density and cultural diversity. The city's population density of 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km˛), makes it the densest of any American municipality with a population above 100,000.[104] Manhattan's population density is 66,940 people per square mile (25,846/km˛), highest of any county in the United States.
New York City is exceptionally diverse. Throughout its history the city has been a major point of entry for immigrants; the term "melting pot" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the Lower East Side. 36% of the city's population is foreign-born. Among American cities, this proportion is higher only in Los Angeles and Miami. While the immigrant communities in those cities are dominated by a few nationalities, in New York no single country or region of origin dominates. The ten largest countries of origin for modern immigration are the Dominican Republic, China, Jamaica, Guyana, Pakistan, Ecuador, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia and Russia. About 170 languages are spoken in the city.
The New York City metropolitan area is home to the largest Jewish community outside Israel; Tel Aviv proper (non-metro/within municipal limits) has a smaller population than the Jewish population of New York City proper, making New York the largest Jewish community in the world. About 12% of New Yorkers are Jewish. It is also home to nearly a quarter of the nation's South Asians,and the largest African American community of any city in the country.
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